This chapter sets out to establish the key issues that have become central within the market
for Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs). Within this context, we provide a brief overview of the existing
literature based on ICOs around the world, while explaining the motivations and styles of criminality
that have occurred, the methods that have been widely used by cryptocurrency thieves, the potential
for the innovation of theft within the sector and the related problems that such technological
progress can potentially generate, and the types of market agents that have set out to potentially
misuse ICOs for a variety of reasons at both the sovereign and corporate level. As cryptocurrency
markets continue to evolve, it is imperative that policy-makers and regulators continue to monitor
the potential development of sophisticated manipulation and cybercriminality techniques that have
developed throughout the market for cryptocurrencies.