This chapter outlines the recruitment, training and licencing requirements of the air traffic control sector as prescribed by ICAO Annex 1, Annex 11 and ICAO Doc 4444 PANS-ATM, ICAO Doc 9868 PANS-Training. These SARPs are then transposed by regional regulations where applicable (specifically Europe and EU 2015/340) and incorporated into state regulation. Specifically, this chapter will discuss the impact of those requirements on the people who operate within that sector (i.e., the air traffic control officers), from their recruitment to training and certification as licenced air traffic control officers operating in the live traffic environment. The chapter also researches a sample of air navigation service providers recruitment practices and makes some recommendations.