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VEOS: vision-based vertical electrooculography inference from monocular periocular video for ocular artefact suppression in EEG

Redmond, Peter orcid logoORCID: 0000-0002-1980-3618, Fleury, Andrew orcid logoORCID: 0009-0003-6916-6770 and Ward, Tomás E. orcid logoORCID: 0000-0002-6173-6607 (2026) VEOS: vision-based vertical electrooculography inference from monocular periocular video for ocular artefact suppression in EEG. Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express, 12 (4). 045018. ISSN 2057-1976

Abstract
Objective. Ocular artefacts from blinks and eye movements remain a persistent obstacle to reliable electroencephalography (EEG), particularly when dedicated electrooculography (EOG) electrodes are unavailable or undesirable. We investigate whether monocular periocular video can provide a vertical EOG (VEOG)-like surrogate for ocular artefact suppression in EEG. Approach. We present VEOS, a video-to-VEOG inference pipeline based on monocular periocular tracking, canthus-defined geometric normalisation, engineered eyelid and iris features, and temporal modelling with a temporal convolutional network. The inferred VEOG is used as an auxiliary reference in blink-window lagged ridge-regression subtraction of ocular artefacts from EEG. Evaluation used leave-one-subject-out validation on two multimodal datasets: an in-house development dataset (VEOS-Dev; 5 participants with synchronised EEG, EOG and 120 Hz video) and the public Eye–brain–computer interface (BCI) dataset (31 subjects, 63 sessions; high-speed video, EEG and ocular measurements). For centred-window models, a boundary margin prevented temporal leakage between training, validation and test data. Main results. On VEOS-Dev, VEOS achieves median Pearson correlation to ground-truth VEOG and median blink-onset timing error of 18 ms. On Eye–BCI, the video-only model achieves median , outperforming an eye-tracker baseline. For blink-window cleaning, VEOS suppresses approximately 50% of blink peak-to-peak amplitude on frontal EEG channels, compared with 66% for true VEOG. Cleaning preserves task-relevant EEG structure, including motor imagery (MI) mu/beta rhythms, steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) spectral signal-to-noise ratio, and P300 morphology. At the participant level, VEOS yields a modest improvement in MI, leaves SSVEP unchanged, and approaches true-VEOG cleaning for P300 spelling (90% vs 91%). Significance. These results show that camera-derived VEOG can act as a useful ocular reference for EEG artefact suppression without additional periocular electrodes. The validation was conducted on controlled recordings and should be interpreted as a best-case demonstration rather than a full validation in unconstrained wearable settings.
Metadata
Item Type:Article (Published)
Refereed:Yes
Uncontrolled Keywords:EEG, EOG
Subjects:Biological Sciences > Biosensors
Humanities > Biological Sciences > Biosensors
Biological Sciences > Neuroscience
Humanities > Biological Sciences > Neuroscience
Computer Science > Algorithms
Computer Science > Image processing
Computer Science > Machine learning
Engineering > Signal processing
Engineering > Biomedical engineering
DCU Faculties and Centres:UNSPECIFIED
Publisher:Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd.
Official URL:https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2057-19...
Copyright Information:Authors
Funders:This work was supported in part by Transpoco Ltd and by Science Foundation Ireland (Grant Nos. SFI/12/RC/2289_P2 and 18/SP/5942).
ID Code:33170
Deposited On:10 Aug 2026 11:33 by Peter Redmond . Last Modified 10 Aug 2026 11:33
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