Immigrant individuals in minority language territories have long been targeted as key actors in the maintenance and promotion of the minoritised languages such as Catalan in Mallorca. Mallorca, as a peripheral area of the Catalan-speaking territories, has received limited attention in studies examining the factors influencing the decision to learn and use Catalan among immigrant adults. Drawing on previous research about language ideologies (De Costa, 2016; Woolard, 1998), conceptualised here as positioned and power-indexed mental schema about language, and language attitudes (Eagly & Chaiken, 2007), understood as evaluations of a language variety and their speakers, the present research aims to understand the extent and the ways in which language ideologies and attitudes shape immigrant adults’ decision to learn and use Catalan in Mallorca. Following a critical realist approach (Maxwell, 2012), this research integrates results from a self-response questionnaire distributed among 154 immigrant adults and 19 individual semistructured interviews. Participants reside in Mallorca with some or no knowledge of Catalan and originate from Morocco, Argentina and Germany, collectively representing 19.31% of the island’s foreign‑born population (IBESTAT). The survey consists of six sections that, together with sociodemographic information, include mainly Likert-scale questions regarding the rationale behind the decisions to learn and use Catalan in Mallorca and participants’ evaluations of, and positioning towards, the Mallorcan sociolinguistic situation. The narrative analysis of the interviews provide further insights on the reasons, experiences and participants’ resources (e.g. financial means, time constraints, etc.) that encourage or discourage their Catalan language learning and use (Darvin & Norton, 2015; Norton Peirce, 1995). The findings contribute to theoretical debates on ideology, legitimacy and capital in minoritised language settings as they demonstrate that decisions to learn and use Catalan are articulated by gendered roles, birthplace‑related expectations and the unequal recognition of immigrants’ cultural and symbolic resources. Building on these insights, the study also highlights the importance of designing revitalisation measures that respond to immigrants’ lived conditions and sociolinguistic needs.