Number of items: 116.
Article
Anderson, Frankie P. and Gallagher, John F. and Kenny, Peter T.M. and Ryan, Clodagh and Savage, David (2002) Ethyl and isopropyl 4-ferrocenylbenzoate. Acta Crystallographica Section C, 59 (1). pp. 13-15. ISSN 0108-2701
Sadlier, David A. and Marlow, Seán and O'Connor, Noel E. and Murphy, Noel (2002) Automatic TV advertisement detection from MPEG bitstream. Pattern Recognition, 35 (12). pp. 2719-2726. ISSN 0031-3203
Daly, Stephen J. and Dillon, Paul P. and Manning, Bernadette M. and Dunne, Lynsey and Killard, Anthony J. and O'Kennedy, Richard (2002) Fv antibodies to aflatoxin B1 derived from a pre-immunized antibody phage display library system. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 14 (4). pp. 255-274. ISSN 1465-3443
Roantree, Mark and Smeaton, Alan F. (2002) Research in information managment at Dublin City University. ACM SIGMOD Record, 31 (4). pp. 121-126. ISSN 0163-5808
Kaszubowska-Anandarajah, Aleksandra and Barry, Liam P. and Anandarajah, Prince M. (2002) Multiple RF carrier distribution in a hybrid radio/fiber system employing a self-pulsating laser diode transmitter. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 14 (11). pp. 1599-1601. ISSN 1041-1135
Conway, Maura (2002) Reality bytes: cyberterrorism and terrorist 'use' of the Internet. First Monday, 7 (11). ISSN 1396-0466
Chari, Raj S. and Cavatorta, Francesco (2002) Economic actors' political activity in 'overlap issues': privatisation and EU state aid control. West European Politics, 25 (4). pp. 119-142. ISSN 0140-2382
Folliot, H. and Lynch, Michael and Bradley, Ann Louise and Krug, T. and Dunbar, L.A. and Hegarty, J. and Donegan, John Francis and Barry, Liam P. (2002) Two-photon-induced photoconductivity enhancement in semiconductor microcavities: a theoretical investigation. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 19 (10). pp. 2396-2402. ISSN 0740-3224
Anandarajah, Prince M. and Barry, Liam P. and Kaszubowska-Anandarajah, Aleksandra (2002) Performance issues associated with WDM optical systems using self-seeded gain switched pulse sources due to mode partition noise effects. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 14 (8). pp. 1202-1204. ISSN 1041-1135
Barry, Liam P. and del Burgo, S. and Thomsen, Benn C. and Watts, Regan T. and Reid, Douglas A. and Harvey, John D. (2002) Optimization of optical data transmitters for 40-Gb/s lightwave systems using frequency resolved optical gating. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 14 (7). pp. 971-973. ISSN 1041-1135
Elgie, Robert (2002) The politics of the European Central Bank: principal-agent theory and the democratic deficit. Journal of European Public Policy, 9 (2). pp. 186-200. ISSN 1350-1763
Dewan, M.N.A. and McNally, Patrick J. and Herbert, P.A.F. (2002) Plasma modeling for a nonsymmetric capacitive discharge driven by a nonsinusoidal radio frequency current. Journal of Applied Physics, 91 (9). ISSN 0021-8979
Gallagher, John F. and Coleman, Claire M. and O'Shea, Donal F. (2002) Ethyl 2-{[2-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl]sulfanyl}acetate: synthesis via a microwave-mediated combinatorial chemistry approach. Acta Crystallographica Section C, 58 (3). pp. 139-141. ISSN 0108-2701
Folliot, H. and Lynch, Michael and Bradley, Ann Louise and Dunbar, L.A. and Hegarty, J. and Donegan, John Francis and Barry, Liam P. and Roberts, J.S. and Hill, G. (2002) Two-photon absorption photocurrent enhancement in bulk AlGaAs semiconductor microcavities. Applied Physics Letters, 80 (8). pp. 1328-1330. ISSN 0003-6951
Kaszubowska-Anandarajah, Aleksandra and Anandarajah, Prince M. and Barry, Liam P. (2002) Improved performance of a hybrid radio/fiber system using a directly modulated laser transmitter with external injection. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 14 (2). pp. 233-235. ISSN 1041-1135
Crean, Colm and Gallagher, John F. and Pratt, Albert C. (2002) 2,2'-[2,3-Dihydro-2-(prop-2-enyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3-diylidene]bis(propanedinitrile)-tetrathiafulvalene (1/1), TCPI-TTF. Acta Crystallographica Section C, 58 (1). pp. 36-38. ISSN 0108-2701
Collier, Martin (2002) A systematic analysis of equivalence in multistage networks. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 20 (9). pp. 1664-1672. ISSN 0733-8724
Nolan, Brien C. and Waters, Thomas J. (2002) Cauchy horizon stability in self-similar collapse: scalar radiation. Physical Review D, 66 (10). 104012-1-104012-10. ISSN 0556-2821
Lee, Hyowon and Smeaton, Alan F. (2002) Designing the user-interface for the Físchlár digital video library. Journal of Digital Information, 2 (4). ISSN 1368-7506
Doyle, John and Connolly, Eileen (2002) Foreign policy and domestic politics: a study of the 2002 election in the Republic of Ireland. Irish Studies in Interntaional Affairs, 13 . pp. 151-166. ISSN 0332-1460
Nolan, Brien C. (2002) Naked singularities in cylindrical collapse of counterrotating dust shells. Physical Review D, 65 (10). 104006-1-104006-4. ISSN 0556-2821
McMenamin, Iain (2002) Polish business associations: flattened civil society or super lobbies? Business and Politics, 4 (3). pp. 301-317. ISSN 1469-3569
Connolly, Eileen and Doyle, John (2002) The aftermath of 11 September: increasing international insecurity. Development Review, 2002 . pp. 31-50. ISSN 0790-9403
Cavatorta, Francesco (2002) The failed liberalisation of Algeria and the international context: a legacy of stable authoritarianism. The Journal of North African Studies, 7 (4). pp. 23-43. ISSN 1362-9387
Book Section
Crouch, Dick and Frank, Anette and van Genabith, Josef (2002) Glue, Underspecification and Translation. In: Bunt, Harry and Muskens, Reinhard and Thijsse, Elias, (eds.) Computing Meaning, Volume 2. Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, 77 . Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 165-184. ISBN 978-1402004513
Conference or Workshop Item
Pahl, Claus (2002) An evaluation of scaffolding for virtual interactive tutorials. In: International Conference on E-Learning in Business, Government and Higher Education, November 2002, Montreal, Canada.
Browne, Paul and Czirjek, Csaba and Gurrin, Cathal and Jarina, Roman and Lee, Hyowon and Marlow, Seán and McDonald, Kieran and Murphy, Noel and O'Connor, Noel E. and Smeaton, Alan F. and Ye, Jiamin (2002) Dublin City University video track experiments for TREC 2002. In: TREC 2002 - the 11th Text REtrieval Conference, 19-22 November 2002, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
Smeaton, Alan F. and Over, Paul (2002) The TREC-2002 video track report. In: TREC 2002 - the 11th Text REtrieval Conference, 19-22 November 2002, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
Gough, Nano and Way, Andy and Hearne, Mary (2002) Example-based machine translation via the web. In: AMTA 2002 - 5th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 8-12 October 2002, Tiburon, CA, USA. ISBN 978-3-540-44282-0
Cahill, Aoife and McCarthy, Mairéad and van Genabith, Josef and Way, Andy (2002) Evaluating automatic F-structure annotation for the Penn-II treebank. In: TLT 2002 - 1st Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories, 20-21 September 2002, Sozopol, Bulgaria.
Lee, Hyowon and Smeaton, Alan F. (2002) Searching the Físchlár-NEWS archive on a mobile device. In: Workshop on Mobile Personal Information Retrieval, 11-15 August 2002, Tampere, Finland.
Winters, Ronan and Wall, Robert and Farren, Margaret (2002) Setanta project: the development of an interactive maths tutorial. In: ITTE 2002 - Information Technology for Teacher Education Conference, July 2002, Trinity College, Dublin.
Pahl, Claus (2002) Interference analysis for dependable systems using refinement and abstraction. In: Symposium Formal Methods Europe FME'2002., 22-24 Jul 2002, Copenhagen, Denmark..
Jarina, Roman and O'Connor, Noel E. and Marlow, Seán and Murphy, Noel (2002) Rhythm detection for speech-music discrimination in MPEG compressed domain. In: DSP 2002 - 14th IEEE International Conference on Digital Signal Processing, 1-3 July 2002, Santorini, Greece.
Stokes, Nicola and Carthy, Joe and Smeaton, Alan F. (2002) Segmenting broadcast news streams using lexical chains. In: STAIRS 2002 - STarting Artificial Intelligence Researchers Symposium, 22-23 July 2002, Lyon, France.
Cahill, Aoife and van Genabith, Josef (2002) TTS – A Treebank Tool Suite. In: The Third International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, May 27th--June 2nd, 2002, Las Palmas de Grand Canaria, Spain.
Marlow, Seán and Sadlier, David A. and O'Connor, Noel E. and Murphy, Noel (2002) Audio processing for automatic TV sports program highlights detection. In: ISSC 2002 - Irish Signals and Systems Conference, 25-26 June 2002, Cork, Ireland.
Muresan, Valentin and O'Connor, Noel E. and Murphy, Noel and Marlow, Seán and McGrath, Stephen (2002) Low power techniques for video compression. In: ISSC 2002 - Irish Signals and Systems Conference, 25-26 June 2002, Cork, Ireland.
Jarina, Roman and Duffner, Orla and Marlow, Seán and O'Connor, Noel E. and Murphy, Noel (2002) MPEG-1 bitstreams processing for audio content analysis. In: ISSC 2002 - Irish Signals and Systems Conference, 25-26 June 2002, Cork, Ireland.
Smeaton, Alan F. (2002) The Físchlár digital library: networked access to a video archive of TV news. In: TERENA Networking Conference 2002, 3-6 June 2002, Limerick, Ireland.
Mills, Geoff and Stringer, Ernie and Whitehead, Jack and McNiff, Jean and Farren, Margaret (2002) Teaching and learning action research. In: Validity and Value in Education Research - AERA Conference, 5 May 2002, New Orleans, USA.
Calic, J. and Sav, Sorin and Izquierdo, Ebroul and Marlow, Seán and Murphy, Noel and O'Connor, Noel E. (2002) Temporal video segmentation for real-time key frame extraction. In: ICASSP 2002 - International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 13-17 May 2002, Orlando, Florida.
Pahl, Claus and Ward, David (2002) Towards a component composition and interaction architecture for the web. In: ETAPS 2002 Workshop on Software Composition SC2002, 6-14 Apr 2002, Grenoble, France.
Pahl, Claus (2002) Analysing security properties using refinement. In: ZB’2002 Z and B User’s Conference – Workshop on Refinement of Critical Systems., 23-25 Jan 2002, Genoble, France.
Pahl, Claus (2002) A formal composition and interaction model for a web component platform. In: ICALP'2002 Workshop on Formal Methods and Component Interaction., 8-13 Jul 2002, Malaga, Spain.
Condon, Marissa and Dautbegovic, Emira and Brazil, T. J. (2002) An efficient numerical algorithm for the transient analysis of high-frequency non-linear circuits. In: 32nd European Microwave Conference, 2002, 23-26 September 2002 , Milan, Italy.
Cahill, Aoife and McCarthy, Mairead and van Genabith, Josef and Way, Andy (2002) Automatic annotation of the Penn-treebank with LFG f-structure information. In: LREC 2002 Workshop on Linguistic Knowledge Acquisition and Representation: Bootstrapping Annotated Language Data, 1 June 2002, Las Palmas, Canary Islands.
Smeaton, Alan F. (2002) Challenges for content-based navigation of digital video in the Físchlár digital library. In: CIVR 2002 - Challenge of Image and Video Retrieval - International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval, London, UK, 18-19 July 2002. ISBN 978-3-540-43899-1
Sadleir, Robert J.T. and Whelan, Paul F. (2002) Colon centreline calculation for CT colonography using optimised 3D opological thinning. In: 3DPVT 2002 - First International Symposium on 3D Data Processing Visualization and Transmission, 2002, 19-21 June 2002, Padova, Italy. ISBN 0-7695-1521-4
Pahl, Claus and Donnellan, Dave (2002) Data mining technology for the evaluation of web-based teaching and learning systems. In: 7th Int. Conference on E-Learning in Business, Government and Higher Education, 15-19 Oct 2002, Montreal, Canada.
Barry, Liam P. and Krug, T. and Folliot, H. and Lynch, Michael and Bradley, Ann Louise and Donegan, John Francis and Roberts, J.S. and Hill, G. (2002) Design and fabrication of highly efficient non-linear optical devices for implementing high-speed optical processing. In: ECOC 2002 - 28th European Conference on Optical Communication, 8-12 Sept 2002 . ISBN 87-90974-63-8
Barry, Liam P. and Maguire, Paul J. and Krug, T. and Folliot, H. and Lynch, Michael and Bradley, Ann Louise and Donegan, John Francis and Roberts, J.S. and Hill, G. (2002) Design of micro-cavity semiconductor devices for highly efficient optical switching and sampling applications. In: LEOS-02 - The 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 10-14 Nov 2002. ISBN 0-7803-7500-9
Barreto, Paulo S.L.M. and Kim, Hae Y. and Lynn, Ben and Scott, Michael (2002) Efficient algorithms for pairing-based cryptosystems. In: Crypto 2002, 18-22 August 2002, Santa Barbara, California, USA. ISBN 978-3-540-44050-5
Condon, Marissa (2002) Efficient transient simulation of transmission lines. In: 2002 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, 2-7 June 2002, Seattle, WA , USA. ISBN 0-7803-7239-5
Barry, Liam P. and Anandarajah, Prince M. and del Burgo, S. and Watts, Regan T. and Reid, Douglas A. and Harvey, John D. (2002) Optimization of 40 Gbit/s transmission systems using frequency resolved optical gating characterization techniques. In: LEOS-02 - The 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 10-14 Nov 2002.
Cahill, Aoife and McCarthy, Mairead and van Genabith, Josef and Way, Andy (2002) Parsing with PCFGs and automatic f-structure annotation. In: LFG02 - 7th International Lexical Functional Grammar Conference, 3-5 July, 2002, Athens, Greece. ISBN 1098-6782
Kaszubowska-Anandarajah, Aleksandra and Barry, Liam P. (2002) Self-pulsating laser diode for the generation of multiple RF data channels in hybrid radio/fiber systems. In: LEOS-02 - The 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 10-14 Nov 2002. ISBN 0-7803-7500-9
Way, Andy (2002) Testing students' understanding of complex transfer. In: 6th EAMT Workshop: Teaching Machine Translation., 14-15 November 2002, Manchester, UK.
Smeaton, Alan F. and Over, Paul and Costello, Cash J. and de Vries, Arjen P. and Doermann, David and Hauptmann, Alexander and Rorvig, Mark E. and Smith, John R. and Wu, Lide (2002) The TREC2001 video track: information retrieval on digital video information. In: ECDL 2002 - 6th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, 16-18 September 2002, Rome, Italy. ISBN 978-3-540-44178-6
Carl, Michael and Way, Andy and Schaler, Reinhard (2002) Toward a hybrid integrated translation environment. In: AMTA-2002 - 5th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 8-12 October 2002, Tiburon, CA, USA. ISBN 978-3-540-44282-0
Monograph
MacKeogh, Kay (2002) Increasing third level provision for mature students in Ireland: a market analysis of the demand for open and distance learning. Other. Oscail - National Distance Education Centre, Dublin City University.
Thesis
Curran, Maureen (2002) A review of connection admission control algorithms for ATM networks. Master of Engineering thesis, Dublin City University.
Morrissey, Marie (2002) Adult education and training: issues emerging from the perspective of the higher education sector and work organizations. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Grant, James J. (2002) An investigation of the airflow in mushroom growing structures, the development of an improved, three-dimensional solution technique for fluid flow and its evaluation for the modelling of mushroom growing structures. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Miller, Áine (2002) An investigation of the biochemical mechanisms underlying the growth-inhibitory effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers in cancer cell lines. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Glynn, Sharon (2002) An investigation of the role of the ErbB receptor family in chemotherapeutic drug resistance and invasion in human breast cancer. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Lowney, Donnacha (2002) Analysis of the structural and optoelectronic properties of semiconductor materials and devices using photoacoustic spectroscopy and synchrotron x-ray topography. Master of Engineering thesis, Dublin City University.
Carew, Tim (2002) Automation of painted slate inspection. Master of Engineering thesis, Dublin City University.
Muresan, Valentin (2002) Block-level test scheduling under power dissipation constraints. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Mah, Kia Woon (2002) Characterisation of gallium nitride grown by pulsed laser deposition. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Haran, Aidan (2002) Collaborative computer personalities in the game of chess. Master of Science thesis, Dublin City University.
Carroll, Olwen (2002) Cosmic ray acceleration in supernova remnants. Master of Science thesis, Dublin City University.
Bhuian, Mohammed Belal Hossain (2002) Development of a laser based inspection system for surface defect detection. Master of Engineering thesis, Dublin City University.
Bashir, Wasim (2002) Development of complexation ion chromatography for the determination of metal ions. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Abuazza, Abdulbaset (2002) Development of high-speed fibre-optical laser scanning system for defect recogntion. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Duffy, Brendan (2002) Development of novel gas sensors. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Lechleiter, Heinz (2002) Die Fachsprache der Chemie in Theorie, Praxis und Didaktik, practice and didactics of the language for the specific purposes of chemistry. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Fingleton, Glenn (2002) Differential equation models for Aujeszky's disease virus in Irish pig herds. Master of Science thesis, Dublin City University.
Mahbub, Khaled (2002) Dynamic system simulation on the web. Master of Engineering thesis, Dublin City University.
Gurrin, Cathal (2002) Evaluation of linkage-based web discovery systems. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Collins, Gobnait (2002) Feminism in Spain and its influence on Montserrat Roig's trilogy. Master of Arts thesis, Dublin City University.
Chua Sing Ngie, David (2002) Finite element modelling of the expanson of small tubular parts by internal pressure. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
El-Shiekh, Hussam El-Din F. (2002) Finite element simulation of hip joint replacement under static and dynamic loading. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Lynam, Carol (2002) Fluorescent calixarenes as molecular receptors. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Hai, Wu (2002) Gesture recognition using principal component analysis, multi-scale theory, and hidden Markov models. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Brennan, Jennifer L. (2002) Ground and excited state electron transfer dynamics. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
O'Hara, Noel (2002) Hierarchical impostors for the flocking algorithm in three dimensional space. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Fitzpatrick, Jane (2002) Immunochemical analysis of illegal steroid growth promoters in cattle. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Lynch, Catherine (2002) Implementing peace settlements: multiple motivations, factionalism and implementation design. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Cronin, Deirdre (2002) Investigation of apoptosis-related gene expression in multi-drug resistant cells. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Fahey, Catherese (2002) Investigation of largescale production and quantification methodology of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Master of Science thesis, Dublin City University.
Hilliard, Rachel (2002) Learning to change: the role of organisational capabilities in industry response to environmental regulation. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Kawthar-Ali, Mahmoud H. (2002) Mechanical and electrochemical properties of inconel alloy 617 after refurbishment through heat treatment. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Boyle, Eamonn (2002) MPEG-4 content creation: integration of MPEG-4 content creation tools into an existing animation tool. Master of Engineering thesis, Dublin City University.
Dowling, Daragh (2002) Optical oxygen sensing based on ruthenium and porphyrin complexes. Master of Science thesis, Dublin City University.
O'Donovan, Eimear C (2002) Optimisation of the production of cathepsin L1 from a recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae. Master of Science thesis, Dublin City University.
Browne, Wesley R. (2002) Probing ground and excited state properties of ruthenium (II) and osmium (II) polypyridyl complexes. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Keating, Anthony (2002) Secrets and lies: an exploration of the role of identity, culture and communication in the policy process relating to the provision of protection and care for vulnerable children in the Irish Free State and Republic 1923-1974. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Ethington, Lanaya L. (2002) Social psychological concepts in the context of intercultural communication. Master of Arts thesis, Dublin City University.
AlShamaileh, Ehab M. (2002) Structural analysis of metal and semimetal adsorption on Cu{100} by low energy electron diffraction. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Guckian, Adrian Liam (2002) Synthesis and characterisation of a series of novel mononuclear and surface active dinuclear ruthenium (II) and osmium (II) polypyridyl complexes. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Crean, Colm (2002) Synthesis of heterocyclic analogues of Benzo-TCNQ. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
McCullagh, Niamh M. (2002) The application of capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to the analysis of anaerobic and cyanoacrylate adhesives. Master of Science thesis, Dublin City University.
Fleming, John Patrick (2002) The biodegradation of tallow by Trichoderma harzianum rifai RP1. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
McCartney, William T. (2002) The design, manufacture and analysis of a new implant for fracture fixation in human and veterinary orthopaedic surgery: the bone fastenerod. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Fanning, Lorna M. (2002) The development and applications of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for the detection of illicit drugs in saliva samples. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
O'Connor, Áine (2002) The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on the proliferation, migration and invasion of a murine mammary cancer cell line. Master of Science thesis, Dublin City University.
Brereton, Bernadette (2002) The EIAT project: gender and technology in the Irish context. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Kenna, Gerard (2002) The elemental analysis of bog oak samples of archaeological interest by ICP-MS. Master of Science thesis, Dublin City University.
Larkin, Annemarie (2002) The expression of multiple drug resistance (MDR) associated proteins in invasive breast cancer. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Gammell, Patrick (2002) The molecular and cellular biology of pancreatic ß cell differentiation in vitro. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Heenan, Davnat (2002) The photochemistry of azaferrocene and its derivatives. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Martin, Shane G. (2002) The speaker of parliament: a rational choice account. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Al-Zaharnah, Iyad (2002) Thermal stresses in pipes. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Working Paper
O'Kelly, Michael and Doyle, John (2002) Voter attitudes to inter-party transfers in Northern Ireland: a median-difference analysis of inter-party transfers in the 1982 and 1998 Assembly elections. Working Papers in International Studies Series. (Paper No. 2002-4). Centre for International Studies, Dublin City University, Ireland.
Doyle, John (2002) Citizenship in contested states: new models from the 1998 Northern Ireland agreement. Working Papers in International Studies Series. (Paper No. 2002-6). Centre for International Studies, Dublin City University, Ireland.
This list was generated on Sun May 19 04:03:22 2013 IST.