Ozores Diez, Paloma (2021) In vitro toxicity studies of plastics used in novel solar water disinfection reactors. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.
Abstract
Solar disinfection (SODIS) is a cost-effective point-of-use method for disinfecting water usually in a 2 L PET plastic bottle. To increase the volume of water disinfected, the project Waterspoutt (Water - Sustainable Point-Of-Use Treatment Technologies) developed three novel reactors. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) tubular solar reactors capable of delivering >20 L of water, transparent 25 L polyethylene terephthalate (PET) jerrycans and polypropylene (PP) 20 L buckets. In vitro assays were used to investigate leaching of toxic substances from the plastic reactors. The E-screen assay was used to test for estrogenicity using MCF-BUS cells at a cell density of 4000 cells/well and an incubation period of 6 days at 37 °C. Cell proliferation was determined using the Hoechst assay. The Ames test using the Ames II kit by Xenometrix AG was used to test for mutagenicity. The novel reactors were filled with water and exposed to sunshine in Africa and Spain. The water was extracted using solid phase extraction with glass oasis cartridges and tested for leachates. Samples of raw and aged plastics used in the reactors were tested for extractables. No mutagenicity was detected in any sample. Samples of extractables showed the presence of estrogenicity when extracted at 37 °C or above for extended incubation time periods. No estrogenicity was found in the SODIS disinfected water produced by the PMMA reactors or the PP buckets when exposed to sunlight for up to 9 months. However, while water disinfected using the PET reactors showed no estrogenicity after 3- and 6-months exposure to the sun, estrogenicity was detected following 9-months exposure to sunlight. Laboratory-based toxicity studies on the advanced oxidative processes photo-Fenton and persulphate activation using PET and polycarbonate showed no mutagenic activity, however estrogenicity was detected. All levels of estrogenicity detected in this study were within the acceptable daily intake for 17 βestradiol of up to 50 ng/kg bw/day.
Metadata
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD) |
---|---|
Date of Award: | March 2021 |
Refereed: | No |
Supervisor(s): | Devery, Rosaleen and Quilty, Bríd |
Subjects: | UNSPECIFIED |
DCU Faculties and Centres: | DCU Faculties and Schools > Faculty of Science and Health > School of Biotechnology |
Use License: | This item is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. View License |
Funders: | EU Horizon 2020 |
ID Code: | 25311 |
Deposited On: | 11 Mar 2021 11:13 by Rosaleen Devery . Last Modified 06 Jan 2024 04:30 |
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