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Microstructural and mechanical evaluation of post-processed SS 316L manufactured by laser-based powder bed fusion

Sohrabpoor, Hamed orcid logoORCID: 0000-0001-8473-5845, Salarvand, V., Lupoi, Rocco, Chu, Q., Li, W., Aldwell, Barry orcid logoORCID: 0000-0001-6799-4802, Stanley, Walter orcid logoORCID: 0000-0002-9188-546X, O'Halloran, Sinéad orcid logoORCID: 0000-0002-3484-9083, Raghavendra, Ramesh orcid logoORCID: 0000-0002-5999-456X, Choi, Chang-Hwan orcid logoORCID: 0000-0003-2715-7393 and Brabazon, Dermot orcid logoORCID: 0000-0003-3214-6381 (2021) Microstructural and mechanical evaluation of post-processed SS 316L manufactured by laser-based powder bed fusion. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 12 . pp. 210-220. ISSN 2238-7854

Abstract
Post-processing is one of the main ways to improve mechanical and microstructural characteristics of stainless steel 316L fabricated by the laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. In this study, optimized LPBF parameters were used to manufacture SS316L bars. For the post-processing, two main heat treatment strategies have been used, quenching and tempering, with various heating and dwelling conditions. While micro-CT scanning was used to identify the porosity inside the as-built specimen, the microstructures of both as-built and heat-treated specimens were additionally investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile test's wrought specimens were obtained at various strain rates of 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 s-1. A two-dimensional (2D) digital image correlation (DIC) technique and fractography analysis were used to understand the tensile behavior further. The results show that the as-built specimen density level was in the range of 99.993-99.997%, with only extremely small pockets of pores present. The microstructure results show that temperature distribution is the most important factor in the formation of columnar grains (CG). The columnar-shaped grains formed from the edge of the melt pool (MP) in the direction of the laser motion path. The resulting dimensions and form of the cellular structures are presented. The crystal orientation of the specimens was also studied with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The result shows that the fraction of directional grains is relatively small due to a scan rotation and the scanning strategies adopted during the LPBF process. With heating at 1050°C with a dwell time of 40 minutes, followed by quenching in cold water, smaller grain sizes were obtained, meaning longer grain boundaries and major impediments to dislocation motion, leading to better mechanical properties and fracture characteristics over wrought specimens. The results of EBSD and SEM were also correlated with the 2D DIC test results.
Metadata
Item Type:Article (Published)
Refereed:Yes
Additional Information:Article number: 102058
Uncontrolled Keywords:Laser based powder bed fusion; Stainless steel 316L;Strain rate; Quenching; Heat treatment
Subjects:UNSPECIFIED
DCU Faculties and Centres:DCU Faculties and Schools > Faculty of Engineering and Computing > School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
Research Institutes and Centres > I-Form
Publisher:Elsevier
Official URL:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.02.090
Copyright Information:© 2021 The Authors. Open Access (CC-BY-4.0)
Funders:Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) under grant number 16/RC/3872 and is co-funded under the European Regional Development Fund
ID Code:26014
Deposited On:24 Jun 2021 14:43 by Thomas Murtagh . Last Modified 12 Aug 2021 08:59
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