This chapter seeks to reclaim the significance of SMEs in studies of HRM as a means to better address and accommodate changing ways of work. We commence the chapter by outlining empirical and ideological reasons for the neglect of SMEs, contrasting this with their socio-economic imprint. We then outline key characteristics and determinants of HRM in the SME context before outlining the need for more contextually sensitive and local definitions, including via the concept of analytical HRM and by disaggregating SMEs. Finally, based on these considerations we outline an agenda for future research and understanding, including the role of institutional logics, HR process, employee perspectives and digitisation.