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Exosomal composition, biogenesis and profiling using point-of-care diagnostics—Implications for cardiovascular disease

Burtenshaw, Denise orcid logoORCID: 0000-0002-5958-1773, Regan, Brian orcid logoORCID: 0000-0002-7410-4748, Owen, Kathryn orcid logoORCID: 0000-0002-0859-1525, Collins, David, McEneaney, David orcid logoORCID: 0000-0002-1734-0736, Megson, Ian L. orcid logoORCID: 0000-0001-8287-2459, Redmond, Eileen M. orcid logoORCID: 0000-0001-8642-4418 and Cahill, Paul A. orcid logoORCID: 0000-0002-5385-6502 (2022) Exosomal composition, biogenesis and profiling using point-of-care diagnostics—Implications for cardiovascular disease. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 10 . ISSN 2296-634X

Abstract
Arteriosclerosis is an important age-dependent disease that encompasses atherosclerosis, in-stent restenosis (ISR), pulmonary hypertension, autologous bypass grafting and transplant arteriosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC)-like cells is a critical event in the pathology of arteriosclerotic disease leading to intimal-medial thickening (IMT), lipid retention and vessel remodelling. An important aspect in guiding clinical decision-making is the detection of biomarkers of subclinical arteriosclerosis and early cardiovascular risk. Crucially, relevant biomarkers need to be good indicators of injury which change in their circulating concentrations or structure, signalling functional disturbances. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized membraneous vesicles secreted by cells that contain numerous bioactive molecules and act as a means of intercellular communication between different cell populations to maintain tissue homeostasis, gene regulation in recipient cells and the adaptive response to stress. This review will focus on the emerging field of EV research in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and discuss how key EV signatures in liquid biopsies may act as early pathological indicators of adaptive lesion formation and arteriosclerotic disease progression. EV profiling has the potential to provide important clinical information to complement current cardiovascular diagnostic platforms that indicate or predict myocardial injury. Finally, the development of fitting devices to enable rapid and/or high-throughput exosomal analysis that require adapted processing procedures will be evaluated
Metadata
Item Type:Article (Published)
Refereed:Yes
Uncontrolled Keywords:exosome(vesicle); atheroscelorsis; stem cell repair mechanisms; endothelial (dys)function; point of care diagnosis
Subjects:UNSPECIFIED
DCU Faculties and Centres:DCU Faculties and Schools > Faculty of Science and Health > School of Biotechnology
Publisher:Frontiers Media
Official URL:https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.853451
Copyright Information:© 2022 The Authors.
Funders:This work was funded through the Eastern Corridor Medical Engineering Centre (ECME) Project, Number 88, eMS Ref No: 5034 by the European Union's INTERREG VA Programme and managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB).
ID Code:27797
Deposited On:27 Sep 2022 13:27 by Thomas Murtagh . Last Modified 20 Apr 2023 17:33
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