Industry commentators have recently proposed the concept of ‘augmented translation’. Drawing on the notions of ‘antagonistic dualisms’ and ‘human-centered artificial intelligence’ (HCAI), this paper considers various definitions of ‘augmentation’ from an augmented cognition standpoint including definitions focussing on problem-solving, interdisciplinary field theories, and cognition supported by sensing technologies and AI. It is suggested that translation has been an augmented activity for some decades now. However, according to other views of augmented cognition, the level of augmentation is low in comparison to what could theoretically be achieved if the sensing and technological mitigations envisaged for augmented cognition could be realised. Translation technology has not been driven by an empowerment or intelligence amplification (IA) agenda, but by an emulation and artificial intelligence (AI) agenda. The mechanisms, technical and ethical challenges of achieving augmented translation, beyond what is currently in place in translation tools, are tentatively explored. It is, in conclusion, suggested that the HCAI focus on intelligence amplification rather than on replacement of human ability, on a move from emulation to empowerment, is pointing the way forward.