A mathematically literate workforce is seen as essential for the knowledge economy. Such economies rely on the production of sufficient numbers of graduates in Science and Technology. However, the number of students studying in these fields is decreasing, and Mathematics is often seen as a barrier. Moreover, any participation of citizens in society requires a certain level of mathematical literacy. Here, we aim to measure the mathematical literacy of a cross-section of first year third level students. We consider the correlation between mathematical literacy levels and Irish examination results, and investigate whether the Irish second level education system is achieving its goals. We also consider the attitudes of these students to Mathematics and the impact of these on their performance.