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Digitised Optimisation of Nanoparticle Synthesis via Laser Ablation: An Industry 4.0 Multivariate Approach for Enhanced Production

Freeland, Brian orcid logoORCID: 0000-0003-3705-5745, McCann, Ronan, Akkoyunlu, Burcu, Tiefenthaler, Manuel, Dabros, Michal orcid logoORCID: 0000-0002-0176-0015, Juillerat, Mandy, Rochfort, Keith D., Foley, Greg orcid logoORCID: 0000-0002-2284-4218 and Brabazon, Dermot orcid logoORCID: 0000-0003-3214-6381 (2025) Digitised Optimisation of Nanoparticle Synthesis via Laser Ablation: An Industry 4.0 Multivariate Approach for Enhanced Production. Processes, 13 (388). ISSN 2227-9717

The synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) via laser ablation synthesis in solution (LASiS) is a promising method for sustainable and efficient nanoparticle fabrication. This work investigates the transition from one-factor-at-a-time experimentation to a more efficient, multivariate approach for optimising NP production efficiency. By applying the Industry 4.0 principles, the objective is to digitise and automate laboratory processes to increase productivity and robustness. Design of Experiments (DoE) strategies, Taguchi orthogonal arrays and full-factorial design (FFD), have been employed to enhance laser ablation processes. Both models confirmed that increasing laser power led to higher colloid absorbance, with the Taguchi DoE offering rapid initial process mapping and FFD providing a higher-resolution analysis. The optimal laser repetition rate of 30 kHz was identified as a balance between pulse energy and thermal effects on the target, maximising ablation efficiency. The Taguchi model had a prediction of NP size with an R2 value of 0.49, while the FFD struggled with accurate size prediction. Additionally, this study introduced a recirculation flow regime as a rapid test platform for predicting optimal conditions for continuous flow production. Using a semi-autonomous DoE platform decreased the operator involvement and increased the process selectivity. This proof-of-concept for on-the-bench NP rapid manufacturing demonstrated how efficient NP synthesis processes can be developed by clarifying the effects of varying parameters on colloid productivity, paving the way for broader industrial applications in the future.
Item Type:Article (Published)
Refereed:Yes
Uncontrolled Keywords:Nanoparticles; laser ablation synthesis in solution; silicon nanoparticles; additive manufacturing; design of experiments; automation; Industry 4.0; material processing
Subjects:Computer Science > Computer engineering
Computer Science > Computer networks
Computer Science > Computer software
DCU Faculties and Centres:DCU Faculties and Schools > Faculty of Engineering and Computing
DCU Faculties and Schools > Faculty of Engineering and Computing > School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
DCU Faculties and Schools > Faculty of Science and Health > School of Biotechnology
Research Institutes and Centres > I-Form
Publisher:MDPI AG
Official URL:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/2/388
Copyright Information:Authors
ID Code:30832
Deposited On:25 Mar 2025 12:05 by Gordon Kennedy . Last Modified 25 Mar 2025 12:05

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