Photo-responsive hydrogels with enhanced volume changes
due to local pH alterations
Dunne, Aishling, Hennessy, Joseph, Mac Ardle, Siobhán, Florea, LarisaORCID: 0000-0002-4704-2393 and Diamond, DermotORCID: 0000-0003-2944-4839
(2016)
Photo-responsive hydrogels with enhanced volume changes
due to local pH alterations.
In: Analytical and Nanoanalytical Methods for Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 29 Jun - 1 Jul 2016, Brasov, Romania.
Photo-responsive hydrogels of varying compositions containing spiropyran photochromic units have been widely studied in recent years due to their many potential applications, including photo-actuated micro-valves for microfluidic devices [1,2].
In this study two hydrogel formulations were employed to produce reversible photo-responsive hydrogel actuators operative in neutral pH. Both compositions contain the photochromic unit spiropyran acrylate (SP) and acrylic acid (AA) copolymerised in the main polymer backbone, together with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) or acrylamide (AAm), respectively. At neutral pH, the AA comonomer dissociates to the acrylate anion (A-) and the proton transfers to the SP unit to give the more hydrophilic protonated merocyanine (MC-H+) form, which triggers water uptake and hydrogel expansion. Under white light irradiation, the MC-H+ reverts to the more hydrophobic SP isomer, with simultaneous reformation of acrylic acid, and hydrogel contraction.
In the case of p(NIPAAm-co-AA-co-SP) hydrogel, an area contraction of up to 45% of its fully hydrated size was achieved after 4 min of white light exposure followed by reswelling to up to 85% of the initial size after 11 min in the dark.
In the case of p(AAm-co-AA-co-SP) hydrogel, the SP unit serves also as a reversible photo-acid generator changing the local pH which in turn determines the ratio of AA/A-, and therefore the hydrophilic character of the polymer backbone. In this case, photo-contraction of ~15% in diameter is achieved within 90 seconds of white light irradiation followed by reswelling to ~95% of its fully hydrated size after further ~30 seconds in the dark.
In both cases the photo-induced contraction/reswelling processes were reversible and repeatable over at least 3 cycles with no detectable hysteresis.