This scoping study will provide a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge & research in the assessment, management & prevention of PS/PHS in surface and groundwaters. The short desktop project builds on substantial existing work been carried out by the Analytical Environmental Research Group research group at DCU, and will engage actively with international experts to assess practices occurring in other EU jurisdictions. The adequacy of existing pollution control systems and the potential need for additional pollution control systems will be examined. The final report will provide the relevant agencies with a report that will make recommendations on how best to manage the issue of exceedances of specific pollutants, PS/PHS in surface waters and recommend appropriate management strategies for preventing and limiting inputs of hazardous & non-hazardous substances, as identified by the EPA into groundwaters.