This collection of articles endeavours to establish a new dialogue between translation and memory studies. By using a contemporary approach, this collection focuses on the cultural representations of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and the following Franco dictatorship (1939–1975) to explore the effects and significance of translation within Spain. This contemporary reassessment in literature has led to new avenues of analysis and the examination of pending issues with current implications regarding the censorship that was applied during the dictatorship.