Peace and conflict dynamics have become increasingly complex over the course of the last century; as a result, peace interventions have transformed from top-down, one-size-fits-all interventions to bottom-up practices that place the local at the centre. Nevertheless, questions on how to engage with the present-day complexities of peace processes remain largely unresolved. Existing analytical frameworks lack the capacity to present a holistic picture of the local dynamics in conflict-affected situations, which in turn complicates the realisation of successful peace efforts. This thesis responds to this problem by introducing the Resilient Peace System, a new tool to analyse the complexity of peace within conflict-affected situations. The RPS connects (academic) debates that are often held in isolation and in doing so it engages with the present-day resilience and peacebuilding critique. The RPS has been developed empirically over the course of the last four years and has been conceptualised based on in-depth qualitative research in Kosovo and Medellín (Colombia). Through approaching peace as a complex adaptive system and by applying a resilience lens to analyse this system, it becomes possible to observe the dynamic essence of peace within a conflict-affected setting. The RPS is an analytical tool that analyses 1) the local understandings of peace, 2) the obstacles to peace, and 3) the capacities for peace within a specific context, and it reflects the interrelation between them. The RPS therefore exposes contextual dynamics and interdependencies that are otherwise not visible, and as such adds to understanding the present-day complexities of peace processes. It is therefore both an epistemological approach - to add to the changing understanding of peace within academia -, and an analytical tool to guide peace policy to better comprehend the strengths and weaknesses of a specific conflict-affected situation to work towards more effective peace efforts. As such, the RPS adds both to the lively academic debates on peacebuilding and resilience, and it responds to the necessity of creating peace efforts that offer better opportunities for durable peace.