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Towards Non-Invasive Health Diagnostics – Profiling the Human Skin Volatile Emissions

Walkowiak, Dominik (2025) Towards Non-Invasive Health Diagnostics – Profiling the Human Skin Volatile Emissions. Master of Science thesis, Dublin City University.

Abstract
Human skin constantly emits volatile organic compounds (VOCs) reflecting underlying biochemical processes, resident microbial activity and environmental influences. Current literature highlights need for standardisation of skin VOC collection and analysis. The myriad of approaches employed adds to variability of skin VOC profiles reported. Addressing this, the present work explores skin derived VOCs, where Chapter 1 highlights interplay amongst metabolic processes, microbial activity, environmental conditions and their impacts on recovered VOC profiles. Chapter 2 explores skin VOC profile stability within and across different participants over time, towards understanding factors influencing healthy skin VOC profiles. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) fibres were used for non-invasive volar forearm VOC collection with gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Biophysical parameters (skin surface pH, tissue dielectric constant, transepidermal water loss) were collected alongside VOC samples to investigate correlations. Resulting data highlighted stability within a single participant over the sampling duration whilst showing a greater variance between different participants. Chapter 3 introduces a new skin VOC sampling method using planar films (instead of SPME fibres) with solvent extraction for GC-MS analysis. Merits include ‘cost-effectiveness’ and ‘ease of use’ compared to HS-SPME unit used by our group to date. Three free-standing sorbents (polydimethylsiloxane, Tenax-TA, divinylbenzene) were explored for their ability to retain VOCs from gas HS containing VOC standards. Skin VOC collection using these samplers was explored by integrating these into a wearable format and applying on volar forearm. Chapter 4 evaluates conclusions from this thesis, summarising key findings and offering fresh perspectives for this field. This work provides foundation for evaluating VOC capture material performance, with high specificity and reproducibility, whilst addressing critical gaps in current skin VOC workflows. Furthermore, this work introduces a wearable and scalable skin VOC collection platform, allowing decentralised VOC collection, towards increasing skin VOC study cohorts for high quality results within this emerging field.
Metadata
Item Type:Thesis (Master of Science)
Date of Award:25 August 2025
Refereed:No
Supervisor(s):Morrin, Aoife
Subjects:Physical Sciences > Analytical chemistry
Physical Sciences > Chemistry
DCU Faculties and Centres:DCU Faculties and Schools > Faculty of Science and Health
DCU Faculties and Schools > Faculty of Science and Health > School of Chemical Sciences
Use License:This item is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. View License
ID Code:31458
Deposited On:27 Nov 2025 10:31 by Aoife Morrin . Last Modified 27 Nov 2025 10:31
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