The overall outline of the chapter is as follows: First, we provide a brief overview of research in the field of economics that looks at the impact that social policies have on labor market outcomes and the reasons for doing so. We then explain how common research on policy effects might miss out on an important perspective – that is the role of organizations as a key actor that shapes workplaces, careers, and labor outcomes. Next, we turn to our own research study of over 13,000 individuals from 19 countries in which we found that the family policies of paid parental leave and externally provided childcare shaped organizational decision makers’ expectations about employees’ availability to work and in return the decision-makers’ willingness to invest in their employees’ human capital. Finally, considering these findings, we introduce a model that can inform future research avenues and methods for scholars invested in studying equality in organizations and societies.