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Herding Unmasked: Insights into Cryptocurrencies, Stocks and US-ETFs

Nguyen, An Pham Ngoc orcid logoORCID: 0000-0002-0041-9747, Crane, Martin orcid logoORCID: 0000-0001-7598-3126, Conlon, Thomas orcid logoORCID: 0000-0002-9187-5173 and Bezbradica, Marija orcid logoORCID: 0000-0001-9366-5113 (2024) Herding Unmasked: Insights into Cryptocurrencies, Stocks and US-ETFs. Plos One, 20 (2). e0316332-e0316332. ISSN 1932-6203

Abstract
Herding behavior has become a familiar phenomenon to investors, with potential dangers of both undervaluing and overvaluing assets, while also threatening market stability. This study contributes to the literature on herding behavior by using a recent dataset, covering the most impactful events of recent years. To our knowledge, this is the first study examining herding behavior across three different types of investment vehicle and also the first study observing herding at a community (subset) level. Specifically, we first explore this phenomenon in each separate type of investment vehicle, namely stocks, US ETFs and cryptocurrencies, using the Cross-Sectional Absolute Deviation model. We find mostly similar herding patterns for stocks and US ETFs. Subsequently, the same experiment is implemented on a combination of all three investment vehicles. For a deeper investigation, we adopt graph-based techniques including the Minimum Spanning Tree and Louvain community detection to partition the combination into smaller subsets to detect herding behavior for each subset. We find that herding behavior exists at all times across all types of investment vehicle at a subset level, although perhaps not at the superset level, and that this herding behavior tends to stem from specific events that solely impact that subset of assets. Lastly, we explore herding by examining the financial contagion effects between these types of investment vehicle. Results show that US ETFs not only have a tendency to propagate similar trading behaviors in stocks and especially cryptocurrencies but also show self-reinforcing herding behavior, acting as drivers of their own trends.
Metadata
Item Type:Article (Published)
Refereed:Yes
Additional Information:Data Availability https://github.com/NguyenPhamNgocAn/Herding_financial_markets
Uncontrolled Keywords:Cryptocurrencies, Stocks and US ETFs Herding, Contagion Community Detection, Minimum Spanning Trees
Subjects:Computer Science > Artificial intelligence
Computer Science > Computer simulation
Computer Science > Machine learning
Physical Sciences > Statistical physics
Mathematics > Mathematical models
DCU Faculties and Centres:DCU Faculties and Schools > Faculty of Engineering and Computing > School of Computing
Research Institutes and Centres > ADAPT
Publisher:Public Library of Science
Official URL:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.13...
Funders:SFI Research Centre for Research Training in Artificial Intelligence (Grant Number 18/CRT/6223), Science Foundation Ireland under Grant Agreement No. 13/RC/2106_P2 at the ADAPT SFI Research Centre at DCU (MC & MB)
ID Code:30594
Deposited On:27 Nov 2025 12:24 by Martin Crane . Last Modified 27 Nov 2025 12:24
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