Costello, Eamon et al.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2775-6006
(2025)
Unsafe AI for Education: A Conversation on Stochastic Parrots and Other Learning Metaphors.
Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 1
.
p. 10.
ISSN 1365-893X
Abstract
This interview article discusses the impact on popular and educational discourses of the metaphor for a Large Language Model of a “stochastic parrot”. The metaphor comes from the title of an influential paper on the harms of large language models from 2021. Here we present a perspective on the short but influential history of the metaphor through an interview with one of its creators, Professor Emily M. Bender. Using the broad lens of metaphor as a way to shape and frame discourse, the editors interviewed Professor Bender and asked her a series of questions to spark discussion around AI in Education. A variety of topics were covered, including: on how metaphors and anthropomorphisation when carelessly used can elide harms and obviate responsibilities; the role of BigTech, data theft and metaphors of colonisation; Whether AI is unsafe for education and if so to which learners; Techno-solutionism; Positionality and AI “voice”; and whether EdTech is a key driver of AI bullshit and enshittification.This article aims to give readers an accessible insight into how a particular metaphor may be enacted in discourse and to contribute to wider critical debates about how GenAI operates in the context of datafication and educational harms.
Metadata
| Item Type: | Article (Published) |
|---|---|
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Metaphors; bullshit; enshittification; GenAI; AIED; Edtech; LLM; bias; AI discourse |
| Subjects: | Computer Science > Artificial intelligence Social Sciences > Education Social Sciences > Teaching |
| DCU Faculties and Centres: | DCU Faculties and Schools > Institute of Education DCU Faculties and Schools > Institute of Education > School of STEM Education, Innovation, & Global Studies |
| Publisher: | Open University * Knowledge Media Institute |
| Official URL: | https://jime.open.ac.uk/articles/10.5334/jime.1079 |
| Copyright Information: | Authors |
| ID Code: | 31551 |
| Deposited On: | 18 Sep 2025 10:57 by Gordon Kennedy . Last Modified 18 Sep 2025 10:57 |
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