Workplace stress can negatively impact healthcare providers’ professionalism and quality of care. One source of workplace stress is the experience of workplace mistreatment. Drawing on the Job Demands-Resources theory, this study aimed to (a) investigate the impact of mistreatment frequency experienced by healthcare workers from insider sources (i.e., co-workers, supervisors) and outsider sources (i.e., patients, visitors) on affective illbeing and (b) the potential moderating role of trait resilience and trait self-efficacy, as personal resources, in the mistreatment-illbeing relationship.