With the advancement technologies/themes such as artificial intelligence, 5G/6G communications and the Internet of Things, body-worn electronic devices for continuous lifestyle monitoring have become increasingly prevalent. However, the use of Li-ion batteries as the primary power source for these devices raises concerns regarding carbon emissions and e-waste generation. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) offer a promising alternative by converting body movements into electrical signals, thereby reducing or eliminating the use of batteries. Due to their high response and self-powering ability, TENGs are well-suited for monitoring joint biomechanics in applications such as home rehabilitation and sports injury prevention. This research focuses on developing sustainable and sensitive TENG-based sensors for monitoring joint biomechanics, emphasizing innovations in material engineering with electrospinning and structural design to accurately detect parameters like joint angle, speed and movement frequency. A comprehensive literature review identified limitations in current wearable TENGs and highlighted opportunities for combining electrospun membranes with origami-inspired, “fabrigami” architectures for fabric-based sensor development. Initial studies on electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) have demonstrated biodegradability, but with limited sensing performance. Subsequent optimization, involving the replacement of PCL with polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), improved pressure sensitivity and durability. Further enhancement was achieved by incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into CA fibres, improving charge-trapping ability, fibre morphology, and mechanical strength. The optimized Ag–CA/PVDF TENG exhibited a high-pressure sensitivity of 11.7 V kPa-1, with a fast response and stable durability, making it suitable for precise biomechanical monitoring. For the first time, integration into a fabrigami structure enabled lightweight, practically wearable, real-time knee motion sensing, accurately capturing joint angles, speed, and frequency, with wireless data transmission via a compact circuit. This research demonstrates a synergistic strategy combining electrospun material optimization with fabrigami structural design, demonstrating a pathway toward self-powered, wireless, and highly sensitive wearable systems for rehabilitation, sports performance, and healthcare monitoring.