In this Executive Summary, we summarise the key findings from our curriculum and literaturebased overview of Primary STEM integration, and our systematic literature review of learning in Primary Science Education. The Primary STEM integration overview is rooted in the reports, draft curricula, and the literature bases relating to the focal topic drawn on in these documents, with the overview of digital technologies also drawing from a comparative analysis of a sample of international curricula. The Primary Science Education literature review is based on a systematic review of relevant, internationally peer-reviewed research articles from the last decade, guided by a comparative analysis of the structure and science content seen across the same sample of international curricula. Throughout the report, integrated STEM (iSTEM), refers to any attempt at integrating or connecting two or more of the STEM subjects.