Subject: Machine learning

Article

Zhang , Dian and Sullivan, Timothy and Briciu-Burghina, Ciprian and Murphy, Kevin and McGuinness, Kevin and O'Connor, Noel E. and Smeaton, Alan F. and Regan, Fiona (2014) Detection and classification of anomalous events in water quality datasets within a smart city-smart bay project. International Journal on Advances in Intelligent Systems, 7 (1&2 ). pp. 167-178. ISSN 1942-2679

Bicici, Ergun and Groves, Declan and van Genabith, Josef (2013) Predicting sentence translation quality using extrinsic and language independent features. Machine Translation, 27 (3-4). pp. 171-192. ISSN 0922-6567

Mitchell, Edmond and Monaghan, David and O'Connor, Noel E. (2013) Classification of sporting activities using smartphone accelerometers. Sensors , 13 (4). pp. 5317-5337. ISSN 1424-8220

Aly, Robin and Doherty, Aiden R. and Hiemstra, Djoerd and de Jong, Franciska and Smeaton, Alan F. (2012) The uncertain representation ranking framework for concept-based video retrieval. Information Retrieval, 15 . pp. 1-27. ISSN 1386-4564

O'Connor, Edel and Smeaton, Alan F. and O'Connor, Noel E. and Regan, Fiona (2012) A neural network approach to smarter sensor networks for water quality monitoring. Sensors 2012, 12 (4). pp. 4605-4632. ISSN 1424-8220

Essid, Slim and Lin, Xinyu and Gowing, Marc and Kordelas, Georgios and Aksay, Anil and Kelly, Philip and Fillon, Thomas and Zhang, Qianni and Dielmann, Alfred and Kitanovski, Vlado and Tournemenne, Robin and Masurelle, Aymeric and Izquierdo, Ebroul and O'Connor, Noel E. and Daras, Petros and Richard, Gael (2012) A multi-modal dance corpus for research into interaction between humans in virtual environments. Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces, 7 (1-2). pp. 157-170. ISSN 1783-7677

May, Gregory and Doherty, Aiden R. and Smeaton, Alan F. and Warrington, Giles (2010) Correlating multimodal physical sensor information with biological analysis in ultra endurance cycling. Sensors, 10 (8). pp. 7216-7235. ISSN 1424-8220

Byrne, Daragh and Doherty, Aiden R. and Snoek, Cees G. M. and Jones, Gareth J.F. and Smeaton, Alan F. (2009) Everyday concept detection in visual lifelogs: validation, relationships and trends. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 49 (1). pp. 119-144. ISSN 1573-7721

Wagner, Joachim and Foster, Jennifer and van Genabith, Josef (2009) Judging grammaticality: experiments in sentence classification. CALICO Journal, 26 (3). pp. 474-490. ISSN 0742-7778

Stroppa, Nicolas and Yvon, François (2006) Du quatrième de proportion comme principe inductif : une proposition et son application à l’apprentissage de la morphologie. Traitement Automatique des Langues, 47 (1). ISSN 1965-0906

Book

Huet, Benoit and Smeaton, Alan F. and Mayer-Patel, Ketan and Avrithis, Yannis, eds. (2009) Advances in multimedia modeling: proceedings of the 15th international multimedia modeling conference, MMM 2009, Sophia-Antipolis,France, January 7-9, 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 5371 . Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-92891-1

Book Section

Hopfgartner, Frank and Yang, Yang and Zhou, Lijuan Marissa and Gurrin, Cathal (2013) User Interaction Templates for the Design of Lifelogging Systems. In: Hussein, Tim and Paulheim, Heiko and Lukosch, Stephen and Ziegler, Jurgen, (eds.) Semantic Models for Adaptive Interactive Systems. Springer London, pp. 187-204. ISBN 978-1-4471-5300-9

Conference or Workshop Item

Bicici, Ergun and Way, Andy (2014) Referential translation machines for predicting translation quality. In: ACL 2014 9th workshop on statistical machine translation, 26-27 June 2014, Baltimore, USA.

McGuinness, Kevin and Aly, Robin and Chatfield, Ken and Parkhi, Omkar and Arandjelovic, Relja and Douze, Matthijs and Kemman, Max and Kleppe, Martijn and van der Kreeft, Peggy and Macquarrie, Kay and Ozerov, Alexey and O'Connor, Noel E. and De Jong, Franciska and Zisserman, Andrew and Schmid, Cordelia and Perez, Patrick (2014) The AXES research video search system. In: IEEE ICASSP - International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing , 4-9 May 2014, Florence, Italy.

Smeaton, Alan F. (2014) Remote monitoring of our environment: A data fusion problem. In: International Workshop on Environmental Multimedia Retrieval 2014 EMR 2014, April 1st, Glasgow, UK. In Conjunction with ACM Conference on Multimedia Retrieval (ICMR) 2014, 1 Apr 2014, Glasgow, Scotland.

Albatal, Rami and Little, Suzanne (2014) Empirical exploration of extreme SVM-RBF parameter values for visual object classification. In: MMM 2014, The 20th Anniversary International Conference on MultiMedia Modeling, 6-10 Jan 2014, Dublin, Ireland. ISBN DOI: 10.1007%2F978-3-319-04117-9_28

Sirbu, Alina and Crane, Martin and Ruskin, Heather J. (2013) EGIA–evolutionary optimisation of gene regulatory networks, an integrative approach. In: 5th Workshop on Complex Networks - CompleNet 2014, 12-14 Mar 2014, Bologna, Italy. ISBN 978-3-319-05400-1

Little, Suzanne and Jargalsaikhan, Iveel and Albatal, Rami and Direkoglu, Cem and O'Connor, Noel E. and Smeaton, Alan F. and Clawson, Kathy and Jing, Min and Scotney, Brian and Wang, Hui and Li, Jun and Nieto, Marcos and Ortega, Juan Diego and Rodriguez, Aitor and Aramburu, Inigo and Kafetzakis, Emmanouil (2013) SAVASA project @ TRECVid 2013: semantic indexing and interactive surveillance event detection. In: Text REtrieval Conference Video (TRECVid) Workshop, 20-22 Nov 2013, Gaithersburg, Md..

Aly, Robin and Arandjelovic, Relja and Chatfield, Ken and Douze, Matthijs and Fernando, Basura and Harchaoui, Zaid and McGuinness, Kevin and O'Connor, Noel E. and Oneata, Dan and Parkhi, Omkar M. and Potapov, Danila and Revaud, Jérôme and Schmid, Cordelia and Schwenninger, Jochen and Scott, David and Tuytelaars, Tinne and Verbeek, Jakob and Wang, Heng and Zisserman, Andrew (2013) The AXES submissions at TrecVid 2013. In: TRECVid 2013, 20-22 Nov 2013, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.

Le Roux, Joseph and Rozenknop, Antoine and Foster, Jennifer (2013) Combining PCFG-LA models with dual decomposition: a case study with function labels and binarization. In: International Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 18-21 Oct 2013, Seattle, WA..

Seddah, Djame and Tsarfaty, Reut and Kuebler, Sandra and Candito, Marie and Choi, Jinho and Farkas , Richard and Foster, Jennifer and Goenaga, Iakes and Gojenola, Koldo and Goldberg, Yoav and Green, Spence and Habash, Nizar and Kuhlmann, Marco and Maier, Wolfgang and Nivre, Joakim and Przepiórkowski, Adam and Roth, Ryan and Seeker, Wolfgang and Versley, Yannick and Vincze, Veronika and Wolin ́ski, Marcin and Wróblewska, Alina and Villemonte de la Clérgerie, Eric (2013) Overview of the SPMRL 2013 shared task: cross-framework evaluation of parsing morphologically rich languages. In: Fourth Workshop on Statistical Parsing of Morphologically Rich Languages, 18 Oct 2013, Seattle, WA..

Kaljahi, Rasoul Samed Zadeh and Foster, Jennifer and Rubino, Raphael and Roturier, Johann and Hollowood, Fred (2013) Parser accuracy in quality estimation of machine translation: a tree kernel approach. In: International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), 14-18 Oct 2013, Nagoya, Japan.

Rubino, Raphael and de Souza, Jose and Foster, Jennifer and Specia, Lucia (2013) Topic models for translation quality estimation for gisting purposes. In: MT Summit XIV, 2-6 Sept. 2013, Nice, France.

Bicici, Ergun (2013) Referential translation machines for quality estimation. In: ACL 2013 8th workshop on statistical machine translation, 8-9 Aug 2013, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Wei, Haolin and Scanlon, Patricia and LI, Yingbo and Monaghan, David and O'Connor, Noel E. (2013) Real-time head nod and shake detection for continuous human affect recognition. In: Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (WIAMIS), 2013, 3-5 July 2013, Paris, France.

Kuijk, Fons and Van Broeck, Sigurd and Dareau, Claude and Ravenet, Brian and Ochs, Magalie and Apostolakis, Konatantinos and Daras, Petros and Monaghan, David and O'Connor, Noel E. and Wall, Julie and Izquierdo, Ebroul (2013) A framework for human-like behavior in an immersive virtual world. In: DSP 2013 18th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing, 1-3 Jul 2013, Santorini, Greece.

Guo, Jinlin and Qiu, Zhengwei and Gurrin, Cathal (2013) Exploring the optimal visual vocabulary sizes for semantic concept detection. In: 11th International Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing , 17-19 June 2013, Veszprém, Hungary.

Bicici, Ergun and van Genabith, Josef (2013) CNGL: Grading student answers by acts of translation. In: SEMEVAL, 14-15 Jun 2013, Atlanta, Georgia.

Bicici, Ergun and van Genabith, Josef (2013) CNGL-CORE: Referential translation machines for measuring semantic similarity. In: *SEM, 13-14 Jun 2013, Atlanta, Georgia.

Bakliwal, Akshat and Foster, Jennifer and van der Puil, Jennifer and O'Brien, Ron and Tounsi, Lamia and Hughes, Mark (2013) Sentiment analysis of political tweets: towards an accurate classifier. In: NAACL Workshop on Language Analysis in Social Media, 13 June 2013, Atlanta, GA..

Guo, Jinlin and Gurrin, Cathal and Lao, Songyang (2013) Who created this video clip, amateur or professional? In: International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval, 16-19 Apr 2013, Dallas, TX..

Zhou, Lijuan Marissa and Gurrin, Cathal and Qiu, Zhengwei (2013) ZhiWo: Activity tagging and recognizing system from personal lifelogs. In: 2013 ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval, 16-19 Apr, 2013, Dallas, TX.

Dietlmeier, Julia and Ghita, Ovidiu and Whelan, Paul F. (2013) Unsupervised segmentation of mitochondria using model-based spectral clustering. In: BioPIC 2013 BioPhotonics and imagining conference, 25-27 Mar 2013, Dublin, Ireland.

Aly, Robin and McGuinness, Kevin and Chen, Shu and O'Connor, Noel E. and Chatfield, Ken and Parkhi, Omkar and Arandjelovic, Relja and Zisserman, Andrew and Fernando, Basura and Tuytelaars, Tinne and Oneata, Dan and Douze, Matthijs and Revaud, Jérôme and Schwenninger, Jochen and Potapov, Danila and Wang, Heng and Harchaoui, Zaid and Verbeek, Jakob and Schmid, Cordelia (2012) AXES at TRECVID 2012: KIS, INS, and MED. In: TRECVid 2012, 26-28 Nov 2012, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.

Jinlin, Guo and Zheng, Xing and Scott, David and Hopfgartner, Frank and Albatal, Rami and Gurrin, Cathal and Smeaton, Alan F. (2012) TRECVid 2012 experiments at Dublin City University. In: TRECVid 2012, 26-28 Nov 2012, Gaithersburg, MD.

Little, Suzanne and Jargalsaikhan, Iveel and Clawson, Kathy and Li, Hao and Nieto, Marcos and Direkoglu, Cem and O'Connor, Noel and Smeaton, Alan F. and Rodriguez, Aitor and Sanchez, Pedro and Villarroel Peniza, Karina and Martinez Llorens, Ana and Gimenez, Roberto and Santos de la Camara, Raul and Mereu, Anna (2012) SAVASA project @ TRECVID 2012: interactive surveillance event detection. In: Text REtrieval Conference Video (TRECVid) Workshop, 26-28 Nov 2012 , Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.

Guo, Jinlin and Gurrin, Cathal (2012) Short user-generated videos classification using accompanied audio categories. In: AMVA’12, 2 Nov. 2012, Nara, Japan. ISBN 978-1-4503-1585-2

Kaljahi, Rasul Samed Zadeh and Rubino, Raphael and Roturier, Johann and Foster, Jennifer (2012) A detailed analysis of phrase-based and syntax-based machine translation: the search for systematic differences. In: AMTA, 28 Oct - 1 Nov 2012, San Diego, CA.

Hughes, Mark and Jones, Gareth J.F. and O'Connor, Noel E. (2012) A study into annotation ranking metrics in geo-tagged image corpora. In: 10th International Workshop on Adaptive Multimedia Retrieval (AMR 2012), 24-25 Oct 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Tu, Zhaopeng and He, Yifan and Foster, Jennifer and van Genabith, Josef and Liu, Qun and Shouxun, Lin (2012) Identifying high-impact sub-structures for convolution kernels in document-level sentiment classification. In: Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2012), 9-11 Jul 2012, Jelu, Korea.

Smeaton, Alan F. (2012) Sensor data streams from smart metering. In: CIICT: Symposium on Energy Efficiency and ICT, 5-6 July 2012, Dublin, Ireland.

Guo, Jinlin and Scott, David and Hopfgartner, Frank and Gurrin, Cathal (2012) Detecting complex events in user-generated video using concept classifiers. In: 10th Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing, 27-29 Jun 2012, Annecy, France.

Bermingham, Adam and Smeaton, Alan F. (2012) An evaluation of the role of sentiment in second screen microblog search tasks. In: 6th International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM12), 4 Jun 2012, Dublin, Ireland.

Hughes, Mark and Newman, Eamonn and Smeaton, Alan F. and O'Connor, Noel E. (2012) A lifelogging approach to automated market research. In: SenseCam Symposium 2012, 3-4 April 2012, Oxford, UK.

McGuinness, Kevin and Aly, Robin and Chen, Shu and Frappier, Mathieu and Martijn, Kleppe and Lee, Hyowon and Ordelman, Roeland and Arandjelovic, Relja and Juneja, Mayank and Jawahar, C. V. and Vedaldi, Andrea and Schwenninger, Jochen and Tschopel, Sebastian and Schneider, Daniel and O'Connor, Noel E. and Zisserman, Andrew and Smeaton, Alan F. and Beunders, Henri (2011) AXES at TRECVid 2011. In: TRECVid Workshop, 5-7 Dec 2011, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.

Bermingham, Adam and Smeaton, Alan F. (2011) On using Twitter to monitor political sentiment and predict election results. In: Sentiment Analysis where AI meets Psychology (SAAIP) Workshop at the International Joint Conference for Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), 13th November 2011, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Connaghan, Damien and Kelly, Philip and O'Connor, Noel E. (2011) Multi-sensor classification of tennis strokes. In: IEEE Sensors 2011, 28-31 Oct, Limerick, Ireland.

Guo, Jinlin and Foley, Colum and Gurrin, Cathal and Lao, Songyang (2011) Semantic concept detection in imbalanced datasets based on different under-sampling strategies. In: International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) 2011, 11-15 July 2011, Barcelona, Spain.

O'Connor, Edel and Smeaton, Alan F. and O'Connor, Noel E. (2011) A multi-modal event detection system for river and coastal marine monitoring applications. In: IEE Oceans '11, 6-9 June 2011, Santander, Spain. ISBN 978-1-4577-0086-6

Foley, Colum and Guo, Jinlin and Scott, David and Ferguson, Paul and Gurrin, Cathal and Smeaton, Alan F. (2010) TRECVid 2010 experiments at Dublin City University. In: TRECVid 2010, 15-17 Nov 2010, Gaithersburg, Maryland.

Bermingham, Adam and Smeaton, Alan F. (2010) Classifying sentiment in microblogs: is brevity an advantage? In: CIKM 2010 - 19th International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, 26-30 October 2010, Toronto, Canada. ISBN 978-1-4503-0099-5

Doherty, Aiden R. and Qiu, Zhengwei and Foley, Colum and Lee, Hyowon and Gurrin, Cathal and Smeaton, Alan F. (2010) Green multimedia: informing people of their carbon footprint through two simple sensors. In: ACM Multimedia 2010, 25-29 October 2010, Florence, Italy. ISBN 978-1-60558-933-6

Doherty, Aiden R. (2010) AAL research. Creating the future technologies in Ireland – challenges and realities. In: Collaborative Networks in Ambient Assisted Living and Connected Health, 2-3 September 2010, Dundalk, Ireland.

Redzic, Milan and Ó Conaire, Ciarán and Brennan, Conor and O'Connor, Noel E. (2010) Multimodal identification of journeys. In: IMPRESS 2010 - 1st International Workshop on Interactive Multimodal, Pattern Recognition in Embedded Systems in conjunction with DEXA 2010, 1 September 2010, Bilbao, Spain. ISBN 978-1-4244-8049-4

Over, Paul and Awad, George M. and Fiscus, Jon and Michel, Martial and Smeaton, Alan F. and Kraaij, Wessel (2010) TRECVID 2009 - goals, tasks, data, evaluation mechanisms and metrics. In: TRECVid Workshop 2009, 16-17 November 2009, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.

Bermingham, Adam and Smeaton, Alan F. (2010) Crowdsourced real-world sensing: sentiment analysis and the real-time web. In: AICS 2010 - Sentiment Analysis Workshop at Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science, 30 August - 1 September 2010, Galway, Ireland.

Kuklyte, Joglie and Kelly, Philip and Ó Conaire, Ciarán and O'Connor, Noel E. and Xu, Li-Qun (2009) Anti-social behavior detection in audio-visual surveillance systems. In: PRAI*HBA - The Workshop on Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence for Human Behaviour Analysis, 9-11 December 2009, Reggio Emilia, Italy.

Ferguson, Paul and O'Hare, Neil and Davy, Michael and Bermingham, Adam and Sheridan, Paraic and Gurrin, Cathal and Smeaton, Alan F. (2009) Exploring the use of paragraph-level annotations for sentiment analysis of financial blogs. In: WOMAS 2009 - Workshop on Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis, 13 November 2009 , Seville, Spain . (In Press)

O'Hare, Neil and Davy, Michael and Bermingham, Adam and Ferguson, Paul and Sheridan, Páraic and Gurrin, Cathal and Smeaton, Alan F. (2009) Topic-dependent sentiment analysis of financial blogs. In: TSA 2009 - 1st International CIKM Workshop on Topic-Sentiment Analysis for Mass Opinion Measurement, 6 November 2009, Hong Kong, China. ISBN 978-1-60558-805-6

Fatemi, Nastaran and Poulin, Florian and Raileany, Laura E. and Smeaton, Alan F. (2009) Using association rule mining to enrich semantic concepts for video retrieval. In: KDIR 2009 - International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retieval, 6-8 October, 2009, Madeira, Portugal.

Redzic, Milan and Ó Conaire, Ciarán and Brennan, Conor and O'Connor, Noel E. (2009) A hybrid method for indoor user localisation. In: EuroSSC 2009 - 4th European Conference on Smart Sensing and Context, 16-18 Sept 2009, Guildford, UK.

O'Connor, Edel and Ó Conaire, Ciarán and Smeaton, Alan F. and O'Connor, Noel E. and Diamond, Dermot (2009) River water-level estimation using visual sensing. In: EuroSSC 2009 - 4th European Conference on Smart Sensing and Context, 16-18 Sept 2009, Guildford, UK.

Bermingham, Adam and Smeaton, Alan F. (2009) A study of inter-annotator agreement for opinion retrieval. In: SIGIR 2009 - The 32nd Annual ACM SIGIR Conference , 20-22 July 2009, Boston, USA. ISBN 978-1-60558-483-6

Ó Conaire, Ciarán and Fogarty, Keith and Brennan, Conor and O'Connor, Noel E. (2008) User localisation using visual sensing and RF signal strength. In: ImageSense 2008, 4 November 2008, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.

Bermingham, Adam and Smeaton, Alan F. and Foster, Jennifer and Hogan, Deirdre (2008) DCU at the TREC 2008 Blog Track. In: TREC 2008 - Text REtrieval Conference, Gaithersburg, MD .

Hearne, Mary and Ozdowska, Sylwia and Tinsley, John (2008) Comparing constituency and dependency representations for SMT phrase-extraction. In: TALN 2008 - la 15éme Conférence Annuelle sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles, 9-13 June 2008, Avignon, France.

Chrupała, Grzegorz (2006) Simple data-driven context-sensitive lemmatization. In: SEPLN 2006, 13-15 September 2006, Zaragoza, Spain.

Chrupała, Grzegorz and van Genabith, Josef (2006) Using machine-learning to assign function labels to parser output for Spanish. In: COLING/ACL 2006 - 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 17-21 July 2006, Sydney, Australia.

Thesis

Hebbalaguppe, Ramya (2014) A computer vision based approach for reducing false alarms caused by spiders and cobwebs in surveillance camera networks. Master of Engineering thesis, Dublin City University.

Almaghout, Hala (2013) CCG-augmented hierarchical phrase-based statistical machine translation. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Banerjee, Pratyush (2013) Domain adaptation for statistical machine translation of corporate and user-generated content. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Redzic, Milan (2013) Dual-sensor fusion for seamless indoor user localisation and tracking. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Dandapat, Sandipan (2012) Mitigating the problems of SMT using EBMT. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Healy, Graham (2012) An analysis of EEG signals present during target search. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Sweeney, Néill (2012) Applying machine learning techniques to an imperfect information game. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Wagner, Joachim (2012) Detecting grammatical errors with treebank-induced, probabilistic parsers. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Bermingham, Adam (2012) Sentiment analysis and real-time microblog search. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

O'Connor, Edel (2012) Trust and reputation in multi-modal sensor networks for marine environmental monitoring. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Penkale, Sergio (2011) Incorporating translation quality-oriented features into log-linear models of machine translation. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Haque, Rejwanul (2011) Integrating source-language context into log-linear models of statistical machine translation. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Kirkpatrick, Barry (2010) Spectral discontinuity in concatenative speech synthesis – perception, join costs and feature transformations. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Decraene, James (2009) Autocatalytic closure and the evolution of cellular information processing networks. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Ma, Yanjun (2009) Constrained word alignment models for statistical machine translation. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Gorman, Bernard (2009) Imitation learning through games: theory, implementation and evaluation. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Hassan, Hany (2009) Lexical syntax for statistical machine translation. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Chrupała, Grzegorz (2008) Towards a machine-learning architecture for lexical functional grammar parsing. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Awad, George M. (2007) A framework for sign language recognition using support vector machines and active learning for skin segmentation and boosted temporal sub-units. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Harford, Steven (2006) Content-based retrieval of melodies using artificial neural networks. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.

Greevy, Edel (2004) Automatic text categorisation of racist webpages. Master of Science thesis, Dublin City University.

Diamantidis, Alexandros (1999) Approximate models of job shops. Master of Science thesis, Dublin City University.